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Texas Continuum of Care Programs: Strategic Solutions for Housing Stability

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Texas continuum of care programs serve as the central command for the state’s response to homelessness. These federally mandated bodies coordinate millions of dollars in funding to streamline services and manage the data necessary to house vulnerable populations. Instead of operating as isolated shelters, these programs function as a unified network designed to make homelessness rare, brief, and non-recurring.

Key Takeaways

  • Regional Leadership: A Continuum of Care (CoC) is a planning body designated by HUD to coordinate housing services within a specific region.
  • Coordinated Entry: This standardized system acts as a single "front door," prioritizing individuals based on vulnerability rather than a "first-come, first-served" basis.
  • Texas Structure: The state is divided into distinct regions, including major metros like Houston and Dallas, and the massive Texas Balance of State which covers rural areas.
  • Housing First: Most Texas programs prioritize immediate access to permanent housing without preconditions like sobriety or income.
  • Recent Trends: While Dallas has reported significant reductions in street homelessness, other major cities like San Antonio and Austin have seen increases due to rising housing costs and shelter capacity issues.

The Role of Continuums of Care in Texas

The primary function of Texas continuum of care programs is to secure and distribute funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). However, their role extends far beyond financial administration. They act as system architects, analyzing data to determine the specific needs of their local homeless population.

CoCs must design a comprehensive system that covers the entire spectrum of aid. This includes street outreach for the unsheltered, emergency shelters for crisis stabilization, and permanent housing for long-term recovery. They also manage the Homeless Management Information System (HMIS), a secure database used to track client needs and outcomes across different agencies.

Core Responsibilities

  • System Planning: Designing local strategies to address specific causes of homelessness, such as lack of affordable housing or mental health support.
  • Annual Counts: Conducting the Point-in-Time (PIT) count every January to determine the number of sheltered and unsheltered individuals.
  • Collaborative Application: Acting as the gatekeeper for federal grants by ranking local project applications before submitting a consolidated request to HUD.

For a deeper understanding of these federal regulations, the(https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/coc/) page offers detailed guidelines on program responsibilities and eligible activities.

Urban CoC Leaders and Recent Data

Texas faces a unique logistical challenge due to its vast size. To manage this, the state is segmented into distinct CoC regions. Large metropolitan areas operate their own dedicated systems, while rural and suburban counties are often aggregated into a single, large administrative body.

Houston (TX-700): The Way Home

Led by the Coalition for the Homeless, this system is known as "The Way Home."

  • Recent Data: The 2025 PIT count identified 3,325 people experiencing homelessness.
  • Trends: While the overall number remained relatively stable (increasing by only 45 people), unsheltered homelessness rose by 15.8% due to reduced shelter capacity.
  • Strategy: They continue to rely on a strong permanent housing placement strategy, having housed over 33,000 people since 2012.

Dallas (TX-600): The All Neighbors Coalition

Managed by Housing Forward, this CoC has seen significant success with its "Street to Home" initiative.

  • Recent Data: The region counted 3,541 individuals, marking a 23% reduction in overall homelessness since 2021.
  • Milestone: In May 2025, officials announced an "effective end" to street homelessness in Downtown Dallas, meaning no one is living permanently on the streets in that zone due to rapid rehousing efforts.

Austin (TX-503): ECHO

The Ending Community Homelessness Coalition (ECHO) leads the response in the state capital.

  • Recent Data: The 2025 PIT count identified 3,238 people, an increase of roughly 900 from 2023.
  • Shift in Shelter: For the first time, more people were counted in shelters than unsheltered, indicating successful efforts to expand shelter capacity.
  • Housing: Austin is heavily focused on expanding Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) with 1,000 new units expected by 2026.

San Antonio (TX-500): Close to Home

"Close to Home" (formerly SARAH) coordinates services in Bexar County.

  • Recent Data: The region saw a 7.5% increase in homelessness from 2024 to 2025, reaching a total of 3,372 individuals.
  • Challenges: The rise is attributed to soaring rents and the end of pandemic-era protections. The CoC utilizes a centralized campus model anchored by Haven for Hope to provide comprehensive care.

The Texas Balance of State and Rural Coverage

The Texas Balance of State CoC (TX-607), led by the(https://www.thn.org/) (THN), traditionally covers over 200 of Texas's 254 counties. This massive network relies on Local Homeless Coalitions to manage operations on the ground.

  • 2024 Data: The CoC counted 10,081 people experiencing homelessness, with 63% living unsheltered.
  • Lubbock Transition: As of February 2025, Lubbock officially launched its own locally managed CoC led by ECHO West Texas. This separation allows for more localized decision-making and resource allocation for the South Plains region, distinct from the Balance of State.

Other Independent CoCs

Several mid-sized cities operate their own CoCs to address specific regional needs:

  • Fort Worth (TX-601): Tarrant County Homeless Coalition.
  • El Paso (TX-603): El Paso Coalition for the Homeless.
  • Waco (TX-604): Heart of Texas Homeless Coalition.
  • Amarillo (TX-611): City of Amarillo.
  • Wichita Falls (TX-624): Nortex Regional Planning Commission.
  • Bryan/College Station (TX-701): Twin City Mission.

Accessing Help: The Coordinated Entry System

A defining feature of Texas continuum of care programs is Coordinated Entry (CE). This process ensures that the most vulnerable individuals are prioritized for assistance. It prevents the system from being clogged by those with fewer needs who might self-resolve with lighter assistance.

How Coordinated Entry Works

  1. Access: An individual contacts a designated "Access Point" or hotline.
  2. Assessment: Staff administer a standardized tool to evaluate health, safety, and housing history.
  3. Prioritization: The individual is placed on a dynamic waiting list ranked by acuity of need.
  4. Referral: When a housing unit becomes available, it is offered to the highest-priority person on the list.

Local Access Points

If you or someone you know needs help, contact the Coordinated Entry system in your area:

CityContact / Access PointPhone
HoustonThe Beacon / The Way Home832-531-6041
DallasHomeless Crisis Helpline1-888-411-6802
AustinSunrise Homeless Navigation Center512-522-1097
San AntonioHomeless Connections Hotline210-207-1799
Fort WorthTCHC Helpline817-996-8800
El PasoEl Paso Helps / 2-1-12-1-1 or 915-400-7401
LubbockECHO West Texas806-805-2762

Funding and Strategic Initiatives

Funding for these programs is highly competitive. Every year, CoCs must submit complex applications to HUD demonstrating their success. In late 2025, HUD temporarily withdrew the Fiscal Year 2025 CoC Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) due to litigation, creating a period of uncertainty for local agencies relying on federal renewals.

State-Level Support

In addition to federal dollars, the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs (TDHCA) administers the Homeless Housing and Services Program (HHSP). This state fund specifically supports the largest cities in Texas. For Fiscal Year 2026, nearly $6 million was allocated to cities like Arlington, Austin, Dallas, and Houston to provide essential services and youth-specific interventions.

Key Strategic Focus Areas

  • Encampment Decommissioning: Cities like Houston and Dallas use "housing surges" to move entire encampments directly into permanent housing, closing the site to public camping only after housing is secured.
  • Youth Homelessness: Through the Youth Homelessness Demonstration Program (YHDP), regions like Austin and the Balance of State are building specialized systems for young adults aged 18-24, focusing on rapid re-housing and host homes.
  • Veteran Zero: Many Texas communities utilize HUD-VASH vouchers to reach "Functional Zero," ensuring that the number of veterans becoming homeless is lower than the number being housed monthly.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know if I should apply through a local CoC or the Texas Balance of State (TX BoS) CoC?

You should apply through a local CoC if you reside in a major metropolitan area like Austin, Houston, Dallas, or San Antonio, as these cities operate their own independent funding systems. If you live in one of the 215 rural or suburban counties not covered by a city-specific program, you fall under the Texas Balance of State CoC, which is managed by the Texas Homeless Network (THN).

What is "Coordinated Entry" and why is it required for Texas housing assistance?

Coordinated Entry (CE) is a standardized process mandated by HUD that assesses your specific needs to ensure the most vulnerable Texans receive housing priority rather than using a "first-come, first-served" list. You must complete a CE assessment at a designated access point—often a local shelter or outreach center—to be referred to any Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) or Rapid Re-Housing (RRH) program within the network.

Does the Texas CoC program provide emergency cash or immediate shelter?

No, CoC programs focus primarily on long-term housing stability through rental assistance and supportive services rather than immediate emergency cash grants. For immediate, short-term shelter needs, you should contact local emergency shelters or dial 2-1-1 Texas to find crisis resources while your CoC long-term housing application is processed.

Can I qualify for Texas CoC housing if I am currently staying with friends or "couch surfing"?

Generally, you must meet the HUD definition of "literally homeless" (living in a shelter, car, or place not meant for habitation) or be fleeing domestic violence to qualify for most CoC-funded housing. Individuals who are "couch surfing" or doubled up with family are typically considered "at-risk" rather than homeless, which may limit eligibility to specific prevention programs rather than full Rapid Re-Housing assistance.

What is the difference between Rapid Re-Housing (RRH) and Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) in Texas?

Rapid Re-Housing provides short-to-medium-term rental assistance and case management designed to quickly move individuals and families back into private housing with the goal of eventual independence. Permanent Supportive Housing is reserved for individuals with a documented disability who require long-term, indefinite leasing assistance and intensive support services to maintain their housing stability.

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